1998 PSIA-C Mini-Academy Report
With Scott Mathers

Fundamental Movement Patterns That Make for Good Skiing

by Dave Cook, PSIA-C Education Staff Member

 
 

Day One

The 1998 Mini-Academy at Afton Alps in early February brought together three separate events. A two day Race Camp, the two day Women’s Symposium, and the traditional two day Mini-Academy. The Mini-Academy and Women’s Symposium were held on Thursday and Friday, with the Race Camp on Saturday and Sunday.

There were five present and former PSIA Demo-Team members there to lead the groups. Megan Harvey from Aspen, Carol Levine from Vail and De Burn from Vail. Megan, Carol and De worked with the Women’s Symposium, though Megan stayed for the Race Camp as well. Scott Mathers from Alta and Shawn Smith from Copper Mountain were present for the Mini-Academy, with Scott staying for the Race Camp. Dave Merriam from Stowe, Vermont was scheduled to be with us as well, but last winter’s notorious flu grounded him.

I would estimate that about two-thirds of the participants for these four days had attended at least one these events in the past, a few do so every year. The overall skiing level and enthusiasm of the participants was very high. The snow and weather were exceptional.

My report for this year will highlight Scott’s on-snow presentation. The first part of this report will cover our first day with Scott. The second part will be in our next issue of the Central Line, and will cover the second day. These articles are better suited to the “thinkers” and “feelers” in our organization. For the “watchers” and “doers”, find something else to do/watch.

Scott has come to Afton for each year that he has been a member of the Demo-Team. I think this goes back to 1988, and I have skied with him for at least half of those times.

Scott did have a few messages to impart to the group, but as always, he is a little hesitant to be quoted. When evaluating what is being written about a presentation to a group of skiers, it is easy to come to inaccurate conclusions. Scott’s comments were specific to the groups’ performance at their particular level of accomplishment. As our skills, understanding and equipment evolve, so will our technique.

Scott’s presentation highlighted several fundamental moment patterns that make for good skiing. This was not to be taken as an “official PSIA” stance, but rather how Scott is currently organizing his views of skiing. I expect that these will evolve with time and experience.

From Scott’s perspective, these fundamental moment patterns that make for good skiing are:
1. Skiing on your whole foot as you flex and extend your ankles, knees, hips and spine to control pressure and flow with terrain. This one relates to his ideas of stance and balancing skills.
2. You release and engage your edges with a lateral/diagonal (forward) movement with your feet, knees and center of mass. You use one (connected) movement to make this happen.
3. You align yourself over the outside ski of the turn.
4. Turn your legs as you need to, to guide your skis through your turns.
5. Having a disciplined upper body, directing it where you want it to go. Displaying pole use that compliments this discipline.
These fundamental movement patterns aren’t so controversial, he just does not want you to grab onto them too tightly, for they will evolve.

To make this article a bit easier to digest, I will place a “††” at the start and a “……” at the end of each mini-progression. Though each mini-progression is often linked to the next one, they may be a separate area for you or your students to explore. You may even consider developing some of these mini-sessions for your certification teaching presentations. But don’t expect to recreate them exactly as written. Different groups will give different results.

We spent considerable time practicing each of the tasks, and received lots of individual and group feedback from Scott. Often each task was practiced over one to three runs—mileage! Remember this as you read about each task.
Stance and Balance
††This was the first of the fundamental movement pattern areas that Scott was going to spend some time on. That is, “skiing on your whole foot as you flex and extend your ankles, knees, hips and spine to control pressure and flow with terrain.”

We started out by unbuckling at least our top two buckles, keeping the power strap attached. Optionally, we could loosen the bottom buckles as well. This was to allow us to make adjustments to stay centered over our whole foot, without veering too far forward or too far back.

Statically, standing primarily over the unbuckled downhill foot, we slowly flexed very low to continuously feel the center of the arch and the whole foot. Next we extended slowly over the unbuckled downhill foot and made the necessary adjustments to stay centered over the whole foot. We repeated this several times, slowly extending and flexing over the same downhill unbuckled foot until we securely felt centered over this foot while flexing/extending. This is not a simple as you may think while reading. It takes time and deliberate effort to do it well.

We repeated this static exercise by flexing and extending slowly over the uphill, unbuckled foot. As with the first task, both feet were on the ground, yet the majority of the weight was centered over the downhill and now the uphill foot. Staying centered over the uphill foot while continuously flexing and extending was more of a challenge.

Even more of a challenge was to statically flex and extend over both feet at the same time. This was much more difficult, yet when we became more proficient, our stance became very solid.

Most of us found that we had to maintain continuous light to firmer contact/connection against the tongues of our boots and across the heels of our feet. This balanced us across our whole foot. If we were too far forward, we were leveraging the tongues of our boots, often pressing on our toes with our heels raising up in our boots. When too far back, our weight was squarely on our heels and there was neither contact nor light pressure against the tongues of our boots.

With boots still unbuckled, we performed these static tasks in a traverse. We did a straight traverse on an intermediate slope, weight primarily on the downhill foot, holding the track as we slowly flexed and extended. Both feet were on the snow as we tried to stay centered over the whole foot of the downhill ski. We skied an entire run of these traverses, slowly flexing and extending, remaining centered on the whole foot.

We repeated this task with both feet on the snow, but slowly flexing and extending over the unbuckled uphill ski in an edged traverse. Again this was done slowly for an entire run.

Lastly we did this over both feet together in an edged, very carved traverse. We were to ski on our whole foot, both feet as we flex and extend our ankles, knees, hips and spine to control pressure and flow with terrain. This was to be done slowly, deliberately so we could feel and react with all joints moving and adjusting together.

By now the group was really dialing into their stance. Some of us ventured into a heavily moguled section of the run while doing our traverses. This helped us to flow with the changes in the terrain while remaining centered over our entire foot. When repeated often, and performed slowly and correctly, these tasks were very challenging and helpful.

Scott would refer to our “home plate” as the ability to keep all of our joints working together and staying centered over the entire foot. It is a place that all movements are generated from and when we are on “home plate” we are in good dynamic balance.

Scott feels that today’s equipment allows skiers to remain more centered. To make some of the past high-end skis perform, we often had to lunge forward at the start of the turn and rock back on our tails to finish, “whip the tip” and “wail the tail” was often proclaimed and displayed. That is one of the advantages of our better side-cut skis: it takes less exaggeration to get them to perform.

We moved to medium radius parallel turns with our boots still unbuckled. We were to still exaggerate extending to start and complete the majority of the turn, while flexing to accentuate the finish. When we extended we were to retain some connection and light pressure against the tongues of both boots, especially the new inside boot at the turn initiation. Most in the group were able to easily steer both skis around the entire turn, with one movement and no stepping or stemming. Stemming or stepping was a compensatory move for a non-centered stance.

Some of the common problems that Scott viewed in the group were that a few of the better skiers were over flexed and locked in the ankles. The excess forward ankle flex rarely changed. More of the group members were back and only flexed the knees and waist. This sequence helped both extremes.

We buckled our boots and repeated the medium radius parallel turns with the same above sensations and accuracy that the traverses developed. Our turns felt great!……

Many readers this will not appreciate the powerful centered stance that the above sequence can accomplish. We probably spent over one hour performing these tasks while we zeroed in to our ability to work the whole foot.

Moving from Turn-to-Turn
††With our boots still buckled, Scott directed us to do some hop turns and to use the front of our boots like a diver would spring from a diving board. By bending it and hoping off of it, while extending from the ankle. We were to hop the entire ski from the snow by extending and not by pulling up the legs (retracting). We hopped in a traverse, and then in a straight run. Some tentative members of our group hopped with the tips coming up higher than the tails. This indicated a back of center stance and movement away from the fall line. We were to hop (lift) and land with our skis flat, parallel to the pitch of the slope.

Scott reminded us to flex and extend to control pressure and flow with the terrain. We moved into a moderately moguled steeper run, and with our boots now unbuckled, we traversed and explored how we flex the ankle to absorb the bumps. We need to flex and actively extend to stay centered over both feet in a traverse in the bumps, and most of us flexed just fine.

Next, at the top of the bump, Scott directed us to press the tips of the skis very actively down with the body moving forward and extending as we went into the trough between the bumps. “Extend as you go into the hole to reach the snow,” he told us. We were to press the tips down as we extended our feet, and this was done for an entire run of traverses through the bumps.

We were reminded that home base means being centered over the whole foot. Now for a variation, while standing still, we were going to hop and extend off the snow towards the tips of our skis. We had to hold ourselves up with our poles to do this as our tails left the snow. We did these next to initiate a turn and were to come down softly on the tips of the skis and into the arc, this was done with our boots buckled.

We did these hop initiations towards the tips of the skis over some bumps, with the goal here to get the tips of our skis to follow the terrain exactly over the bumps and through the turn. Matching the terrain exactly with not too much jump or hop. Slapping of the skis/tips was to be avoided. We were to shape the turns smoothly. This helped many of us to actively move our upper bodies forward as the terrain steepened over the backside of the bumps.

All turns in the bumps were initiated with this active extension towards the tips, lifting the tails of our skis 1-2 feet from the snow. We were to come down softly on the tips and into the arc. Eventually we reduced the exaggeration of the hop but still attempted to match the steepening backside of the mogul (terrain) exactly while shaping the turn smoothly. We discovered how much we had to actively move the upper body forward as the terrain steepened on the back side of the mogul, if we were to stay centered over our feet. If we did not make this forward movement, we quickly got behind on our heels. We did several runs of these—practice, practice, practice!……

††Scott had us then go from a highly edged, railed traverse, to a downhill turn as we crossed the top of a mogul. Our task was to stay centered over the entire foot and to actively move the upper body forward and into the turn and keep the tips of the skis on the snow as they crossed the mogul’s crest. You had to actively extend forward over the drop-off to stay ahead. It was very easy to get back and become stiff in the ankles over the transition. We had to try hard to stay forward on the whole foot and subtle with the ankle.

Being able to hold an edge and stay subtle with the ankle joints at first may appear to be in conflict. It’s like being strong and loose in the ankle joints at the same time. Instead of staying strong with the ankles in their lateral (inward and outward) flexing and subtle in the forward flexing, many skiers edge-lock and get back. They lock the lateral and the forward flexing of the ankles and get into the back seat, thereby loosing the ability to adjust and flow with changes in terrain. It is difficult to stay firm laterally and loose in forward flexing of the ankle. It was a challenging task.

To reinforce this, we again unbuckled our boots, and held a downhill edged traverse as we flexed and extended slowly. We were to keep pressure on the instep of our arch while doing a highly edged traverse. We held the edge with our lateral flexing of the ankles, yet we were subtle and able to flex and extend the ankle in the forward direction.

We rebuckled our boots and did some very high speed railed linked traverses over changing terrain steepness. The goal was to hold the edges firmly with both feet and stay soft/subtle in the ankles and all joints so as to flow with the changes in terrain. This was great fun with lots of speed. There were a few spills as a few locked into a position and could not absorb or react to the changes in the terrain. They quickly became a bit more active the next time they attempted this task.……

“Be subtle enough in the ankles to be able to flow with terrain changes,” proclaimed Scott. We took some free runs and it was time for lunch.

The Inside Ski
††For the afternoon session, Scott stated that he wanted to work on the inside ski—to get it in balance with the rest of the body. We did some uphill ski traverses, trying to be forward enough to flex the uphill ankle with that foot directly underneath the upper body. For now, we just rode on the uphill foot without continually flexing it in the traverse.

We then hopped on the uphill ski while traversing, landing in the exact same track as we crossed the hill on its uphill edge. We were reminded of the morning lessons of keeping contact against the front of the boot and staying in balance with the entire foot.

Then from an uphill ski traverse, we entered into a turn down the hill, keeping the lifted downhill (now inside) ski tip down on the snow. If you get back, you are moving your ski tip into the turn but not your hips. Keep the lifted inside ski tip down on the snow to get your hips to move forward into the turn along with the tips of your skis.

To get us forward at the transition in our turns and to flow with the changes, Scott had us do the uphill ski traverse and hop into the turn with the lifted inside ski tip down on the snow. “You’ve got to go when you’ve got to go. Be ahead!”……

††We then did some very slow and round short radius turns, feeling the pressure on the tongues of both boots during the entire turn, without loosing the connection against the tongues of either boots at any one time or phase of the turn. The result was the inside ski—both skis effortlessly diving into the turns as both ankles flexed to keep the tips connected with changes in turns and terrain. Prior to this, many only felt pressure against the tongue of the outside boot. With pressure/connection against the inside boot as well, the activity of the inside ski was enhanced.

We were to finish each of these slow parallel short radius turns centered on both skis. To do this, flex against both tongues then roll, edge, and steer both skis with one movement into the turn. If you are back, the uphill ski often rails forward at this transition. We were asked to feel a little pressure on the uphill “pinky/little” toe and roll it over to the big toe side, through the tongue of the boot as we entered the new turn.……

We release and engage our edges with a lateral/diagonal (forward) movement with your feet, knees and center of mass, and use one (connected) movement to make this happen. This is the second fundamental moment pattern that Scott had us work on. The last few sequences and the next few worked towards this goal.

††In short radius fall-line turns, the body generally goes straight down the fall-line as the skis arc from side-to-side. We were directed to move the body down the hill and to stand on both feet as we exited each turn, and do all we could to not get rocked back in these short radius fall-line turns.……

I always like how Scott finishes his day. He will stand at the bottom of a challenging slope and have us ski laps past him. He will pull one of us at a time to the side for individual feedback as the rest of us continue to practice. It is a nice touch for feedback and personal practice time.

The activities that were covered during the second day with Scott will be in the next issue of the Central Line.

Day Two

This article details the second day of PSIA-C’s 1998 Mini-Academy with Scott Mathers. I encourage you to reread the previous article highlighting day one of the Mini-Academy in the last issue of the Central Line. That refamiliarization will increase your understanding of this article, for the two days built on each other.

As a review from the first article, Scott’s presentation highlighted several fundamental moment patterns that make for good skiing. This was not to be taken as an “official PSIA” stance, but rather how Scott is currently organizing his views of skiing.

From Scott’s perspective, these fundamental moment patterns that make for good skiing are:
1. Skiing on your whole foot as you flex and extend your ankles, knees, hips and spine to control pressure and flow with terrain. This one relates to his ideas of stance and balancing skills.
2. You release and engage your edges with a lateral/diagonal (forward) movement with your feet, knees and center of mass. You use one (connected) movement to make this happen.
3. You align yourself over the outside ski of the turn.
4. Turn your legs as you need to, to guide your skis through your turns.
5. Having a disciplined upper body, directing it where you want it to go. Displaying pole use that compliments this discipline.

As a reminder to make this article a bit easier to digest, I will place a “††” at the start and a “……” at the end of each mini-progression. Though each mini-progression is often linked to the next one, they may be a separate area for you or your students to explore. You may even consider developing some of these mini-sessions for your certification teaching presentations.

Scott reviewed some of the fundamentals of the previous day. We wanted to be able to flex and not be locked in both ankles, be able to finish our turns with some pressure against the tongues of both boots, and try to balance on the whole foot, not levering too far forward or aft.

Inside Leg Release
Today we were going to work on the release of the inside leg. According to Scott, “We must be aligned over it or we often have to pick it up to effectively release it. You can align yourself over the outside ski of the turn, but the inside half of your body stays ahead of the outside half of your body through the entire turn. Your shoulders should also be kept level with the horizon.”
††The next exercise line is to help us stay centered over the downhill foot. We did some downhill ski side-slipping to an edge-set on the downhill foot only with our shoulders level to the horizon. Next do a medium radius turn on both skis and feel like you could release the outside/downhill ski at the end of the turn to a side-slip. That ski now becomes the new inside ski. Make that side-slip move you downhill, and move your upper body with it.
Scott made sure we understood that the inside ski releases downhill with the upper body, if the body is aligned or centered over that ski. It is difficult to keep the upper body aligned over the outside ski at all phases of the turn and to keep it centered over that ski at the transition when it becomes the new inside ski. Doing so allows the upper body and the feet to effortlessly move together with one movement into the new arc. (See the articles relating “The Move” in the Fall and Winter 1997 issues of the Central Line.)
We then did garlands standing only on the downhill foot. Keeping the lifted uphill ski tip on the snow, you could easily isolate the feeling of the downhill ski tip turning down the hill. Scott wanted us to be leg and tip active for this task. If you are back in your stance, you are often body and tail active in these turns. Tip active turns are carved with the entire ski following the path of the ski’s tip, while tail active turns are skidded with the tails being pushed to the outside of the tip’s track. When you are leg and tip active at turn initiation, the upper body moves with the downhill leg, now the new inside leg into the turn.
Now back to the side-slipping on only the downhill leg. Keeping the lifted uphill ski tip on the snow and shoulders level with the horizon, try to turn downhill on that leg after some side-slipping. To do this, you need to be aligned/centered over that leg to get the leg to turn smoothly and continuously without any extra upper body English.
You have to actively move the upper body ahead at the end of the side-slip to turn this leg, the new inside leg. The upper body wants to get back at the turn initiation and you then can not turn this leg. Move it! The upper body is the “it”. You must move the upper body or you get stuck back. This task requires a lot of practice, but its rewards are powerful.……
††Switching gears, Scott then asked to do some carved traverses, primarily on the uphill foot to get the feel of the inside leg at the end of the turn. We kept both skis on the snow, but the primary carve and weight was on the uphill foot. As the uphill, weighted and carving ski grabs, it tends to shoot forward, resulting in the upper body getting back or behind that tracking uphill foot. We found that we needed less tip-lead of the inside ski tip, and had to actively keep the inside/uphill half of the body ahead (of the outside half of the body) with that inside/uphill foot in the traverse. That was a hard sentence to write. I hope it made sense.
In the last exercise, the primary carving was with the uphill/inside leg. It is very important to develop an inside leg tip to the outside of the body. This can be described as a “bow legged” action verses a “knock kneed” action of the inside leg of the turn when taken to an extreme. We practiced this doing medium radius parallel turns with a light bow legged action of the inside leg, to get that leg active. Scott encouraged us to use the activity of the inside leg to move the hips into the new turn, which resulted in less counter of the hips and upper body. The initiating edging move was more with the leg and not the hips.
Both legs working symmetrically instead of knock kneed is stronger. We again did medium radius turns by accentuating the activity of the inside leg to an almost bow legged appearance at all phases of the turn, but especially at the initiation. Scott encouraged us to initiate the turns with the legs versus with the upper body. While doing this a few needed to be reminded to stay connected against the tongues of their boots, for their stance was getting back.
We did some side-cut turns (rails) with both skis equally hooking and arcing together. We were encouraged to tip the inside leg with as much effort as the outside leg and to let it carry a bit more weight than usual. These were very powerful, high-speed carved rails.
Scott went on to discuss how the beauty of the new generation of shaped skis is that they actually allow for less edge and pressure to carve. Less extreme hip angulation is required to get them to work. We are becoming more subtle now with more leg activity to release and engage the edges and less hip activity.
We played with more rails, trying to engage both skis with high activity of both legs. We experimented with placing even more weight on the inside foot and to feel that leg’s activity increase. The difficulty was as this ski grabbed even harder, it tended to jet forward. You had to be able to move the inside half of your upper body ahead with this ski to stay with it. Others had more success with using less of a tip lead as they weighted and activated that inside leg in a bow legged like rail. I would recommend caution when trying these tasks. Some of us had some surprising results as the inside leg became active and grabbed for the first time in these rails.……
“The Move” Revisited in Leg Active Efforts
††Next, we worked on the inside leg move immediately at the beginning of our turns. Scott had us release our edges from the old turn and engage the edges of the new turn with one connected, forward/lateral movement (“the move”).
In medium radius parallel turns, the first thing you feel as the new turn develops is the old outside/new inside ski releasing with the active inside leg activity. The upper body moves with that active new inside leg towards the center of the arc, and turn initiation becomes much easier with the entire body aligned over both legs. Leg activity drives the changes in turn direction, and we use less counter and hip angulation when the legs are active. The alignment over both feet allow for the turns to be leg and foot active versus hip and upper body active to release and engage the edges.
The big and powerful movement of the hips to the inside of the developing turn is simply not as necessary with today’s equipment. The hips still move to the inside of the turn and there is still some counter in the hips, just less inward movement and less countering is required if the leg activity is driving the edge release and engagement.
This message which encouraged more leg activity and less hip counter was presented to virtually all of the groups over the four days by the D-Team members. I would encourage all of you to reread and thoroughly understand the preceding three paragraphs.……
††The afternoon was devoted to cementing what we had learned. We skied some very slow medium radius parallel turns to a traverse. Next we focused on the release of the inside/downhill ski to the new turn with the inside leg and tried to move the upper body with that ski and leg if you are aligned over it during the traverse. All turns must be parallel, don’t stem, step or lift the skis, and keep your stance open at the release. Go bow-legged if you have to, to over learn the sensation, and do the turns at slow speed.
In the bow legged slow parallel turns, most of us were moving across from heel-to-heel. Scott encouraged us to move across both boot tongues. First, we practiced these different movements statically on the flats. With our eyes closed we transferred weight from foot-to-foot by moving across the heels. Then we moved the weight from foot-to-foot by moving over or across the tongues of our boots. Scott had us repeat the slow parallel turns with the traverse by moving across or through the tongues of our boots.
We were encouraged to move slightly up and forward as you go across the tongues of your boots. This is more relaxed and you get better flow from turn-to-turn. Without this, you tend to get statically very low and tense. Our turns were working better—better balance, flow and strength.……
One Foot at a Time
††The next task was a real winner for many of us. Scott asked us, while making medium radius parallel turns at a still slower pace to concentrate on only our right leg as it engaged and released for an entire run. Then switch the concentration to only the left leg as it engaged and released for an entire run. This really helped you feel the change of edge and balance over that leg/ski as it goes from inside to outside to inside to outside to…You feel that leg snake around from turn-to-turn, and the legs activity is strongly felt. You have time to sense whether you are working the entire foot or are levered too far forward or aft.……
††We finished the day with short radius turns. It is more difficult to turn both feet together quickly. To help us we did some very slidy/skiddy turns. With less edge it is easier to release both skis together and move with the legs as they release the edges. There was a lot of movement analysis for this task, but Scott repeated many of the topics that were discussed during the past two days.……
It was a good two days. We all left with slightly different personal gains in performance and understanding of where our skiing is going. Collectively and personally, the move to release the edges from one turn and to engage the edges of the next turn, in one connected movement (“the move”) is now coming from being more (inside) leg active and less hip active, resulting in a less countered stance.
It is certainly a pleasure to have the opportunity to spend such quality time with our D-Team Members. Many of us cherish this annual event. It appears that the 1999 Mini-Academy will have at least three D-Team Members. Sign-up early to ensure your spot! You do not want to miss out of this unique opportunity.